Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about the scent of your vagina

PSA: No two vaginas smell the same, and every vagina can put off a variety of scents. Meaning, there’s no single aromatic profile of a “healthy” vagina. Still, it’s worth noting that none of the smattering of “healthy” scents will call to mind “spring flowers” or “delicate blossoms,” despite what a stroll down your local drugstore aisle may have you believe.

Progress is being made in the vaginal-product realm (via an influx of vaginal-health products made by women for women that don’t attempt to alter the natural scent). But still, nothing should make a vulva-owner feel ashamed of or a need to question the way their vagina smells. “So long as it doesn’t have an infection, the way a vagina smells is natural and normal,” says OB/GYN Felice Gersh, MD, author of PCOS SOS: A Gynecologist’s Lifeline To Naturally Restore Your Rhythms, Hormones and Happiness. Adeeti Gupta, MD, founder of Walk In GYN Care, echoes this point: “To have a vagina that smells like vagina is to be someone who has a vagina. To think otherwise is a sad approach to the human body,” she says.

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So, what determines the way a vagina smells? In one word: bacteria. Like the gut, every vagina has its own ecosystem of bacteria (sometimes called a vagina microbiome) that keeps it healthy. “There are a billion ‘good’ bacteria in the vagina, called lactobacilli, which keep the vagina at the pH needed to protect you from infection and keep you healthy,” says OB/GYN Lauren Streicher, MD, author of Sex Rx-Hormones, Health, and Your Best Sex Ever. (ICYWW that pH is somewhere between 3.8 and 4.1).

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But that bacterial makeup can change daily, and even hourly, in response to things like hormones, pH change, and hygiene. And guess what? That affects how you smell. In fact, one 1975 study found that more than 2,100 factors that can shift your scent. “The olfactory signature of an individual is complex, highly individual, and composed of many ‘mini odors’,” according to the study.

“To have a vagina that smells like vagina is to be someone who has a vagina. To think otherwise is a sad approach to the human body.” —Adeeti Gupta, MD

To that point, below find 10 vagina-scent pieces of intel that’ll come in handy the next time you find yourself wondering, Do I smell normal?

1. A stronger odor is common during ovulation

The reason behind this is that you’re your most fertile when you’re ovulating. “During ovulation, your body is trying to get people to come mate with you, so you produce a stronger smell that biologically draw folks to you” Dr. Gupta says. Your body also secretes more lubricant and mucus at that time to protect the sperm (which may also make sex more pleasurable), and that may affects the odor.

2. Going on birth control may change how you smell

Because your cycle and correlating hormones play a big role in your scent,“if you start taking a contraceptive that takes away your menstrual cycle, that will change the way you smell,” says Dr. Gersh.

3. Don’t be surprised if you smell like pennies during your period

Your vagina might smell more metallic-y around the time of your period, courtesy of iron in the blood, Dr. Streicher says. “Especially if you’re using a pad instead of the tampon, you’re going to be able to smell your menstrual blood, which is going to have a coppery smell.”

4. Semen is known to shift the scent

“Semen has a higher pH and its own molecular components, which react with the bacteria in the vagina,” says Dr. Gersh. So if ejaculate has come into contact with your vagina, you may notice a subtle shift in smell.

Dr. Streicher adds that the odor may actually smell a bit like fish. “For women who notice a funky odor after sex, I recommend an over the counter gel called Rephresh that helps to normalize your pH, but only if a patient tells me this is something they’re noticing consistently.” Otherwise, she says the odor should go away within a few hours or after a shower. If you think you might benefit from a pH-balancing product, seek advice from your health-care provider.

5. A musky smell during/after exercise is normal

Groin sweat comes from the same type of sweat glands—the apocrine glands—that produce stinky stress sweat. “The odor you notice between your legs after a workout is the same odor you’d notice if your stuck your nose in someone’s armpit,” says Dr. Streicher.

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Another possible culprit of the sweat-sesh scent? Pee. “Many women experience incontinence, which causes them to release a bit of urine while exercising,” Dr. Streicher adds, noting it’s an especially common side effect of workouts with jumping involved.

6. What you eat is probably a factor

“It’s said that you are what you eat,” says sexologist Jill McDevitt, PhD. “And it’s true that what you eat can and does impact how your vagina smells to a certain extent.”

But that doesn’t mean there’s a Vagina Scent Diet. “What we eat affects pretty much everything, so it’s fair to think that a whole-food, plant-based diet (which is best for the rest of our body) is also good for the vagina and its scent,” says Dr. Gersh. But, just to be clear, this is strictly a hypothesis—as is that pointer you may have heard about eating pineapple being an effective strategy for making the vagina smell and taste sweeter. “There is nothing magical about pineapple,” Dr. Gersh says. “But eating more fruits and vegetables is never a bad thing.”

7. Yeast infections may cause your vagina to smell more, well, yeasty

“Usually it’s the cottage-cheese discharge and itching—not the odor—that tips a woman off that she has a yeast infection,” says Dr. Streicher. “But it will make some folks smell yeasty, like bread.” Yeast infections happen when the “bad” bacteria in the vagina get out of the control and the good bacteria get killed off.

8. A strong fishy smell may indicate bacterial vaginosis

“When you have bacterial vaginosis, the bad bacteria proliferates and makes the vaginal pH go up,” says Dr. Streicher. The result? A fishy and/or rotten-egg smell. “It almost smells like day-old fish,” she says.

BV can also cause symptoms like thin, white, or green discharge, itching, or a burning sensation. If you experience these symptoms, see a doctor who can diagnose and then prescribe an antibiotic to clear it up within a few days, Dr. Streicher says.

9. A “leftover” tampon is a likely culprit if you feel you smell like a farm

You put a tampon in and then forgot about…whoops. Alongside symptoms like vaginal discharge, pelvic pressure and pain, and itching, Dr. Streicher says a very strong odor can be a giveaway. “It smells like a zoo…it’s a really strong, and foul smell.” Why? “The bacteria in the vagina react to old dead cells and the old blood, which creates creates the horrendous odor.” If you have a stuck tampon and can pull the string or get it out with your fingers, go ahead and do so. Otherwise, you may need to bop over to your health-care provider to help you get it out.

There’s another possible culprit for a putrid scent: Trichomoniasis, a common and curable STI. So if you notice this smell and there’s no tampon to blame, it doesn’t hurt to visit your doctor, who will be able to prescribe antibiotics for the infection, if you have it.

10. Odor and taste go hand-in-hand

“One of the main reasons people come in is because their partners notice that they taste different,” Dr. Streicher says. “It could indicate an issue.” If your partner or you notice a change in your smell or taste, Dr. Gupta offers the following suggestion: “Start wearing cotton underwear to let the vagina breathe, and go see a doctor. “Most infections won’t go away on their own, so there’s no point in waiting to get treated.”

While we’re talking about vaginas, here’s why you queef during yoga and sometimes sex. And, here’s what your period blood color says about your health.